Arctic Ice Melting Photos: Why change in monsoon due to melting of ice in the Arctic? Indian scientists busy in minus 26 degrees to find out the reason

HR Mandi Bhav: Global Warming In Arctic: To find out the mystery of the rising temperature of the Arctic and its increasing impact on India, a team of Indian scientists is working day and night even in minus 26 degree temperature. These scientists told that the round moon is visible all the time at such a place. 

Scientists of the Arctic team posted at India's permanent research station Himadri, located in the New Aalesund Science Village on Norway's Svalbard archipelago, said that there is night only for a few minutes. 

The sun remains rising throughout the rest of the day. Come, let us try to know which secrets Indian scientists are trying to find out in such difficult circumstances?

Global warming in the Arctic is several times faster than the global average.

Due to the strength of the planets in the horoscope, there will be no problem in life throughout the year, by following these measures life will be spent happily.

According to a study by researchers at the Meteorological Institute of Finland, published in the Communications Earth and Environment journal, the temperature of the Arctic is increasing four times faster than other parts of the Earth. Especially in the Eurasia part of the Arctic, the temperature is increasing more rapidly. 

Apart from this, the temperature in the Barents Sea in the north of Russia and towards Norway is also increasing seven times faster than the global average. America's Geophysical Union and Geophysical Research Letters are also warning that global warming in the Arctic is expanding at a rate four times the global average. 

Rapid melting of ice in the Arctic has a direct impact on the monsoon in India. 

Earlier research and studies had also warned that the temperature of the Arctic was increasing two to three times faster. The problem is that the Arctic region is changing rapidly and even the best state-of-the-art climate models are not able to accurately predict the rate and extent of temperature change in the Arctic. 

Indian scientists are working at the permanent research center Himadri in Norway to find out this mystery. Because the rapid melting of snow in the Arctic is also affecting India's monsoon.

What special study or research are the Indian scientists posted in Himadri doing?

Scientist Dr. Girish BS of Raman Research Institute, Bengaluru, deployed for research and study in Himadri for the next several years, Researcher Amulya R of National Center for Polar and Ocean Studies, Goa, Senior Scientist Surendra Singh of Indian Institute of Tropical Metrology and Indian Researcher Prashant Rawat of Institute of Technology, Mandi said that all the scientists are different experts. 

All of them together are trying to get accurate information about the polar climate by capturing the universe's first star wave i.e. radio frequency, detecting rain patterns in coastal areas, studying electric fields and aerosols.

What is Arctic expansion and why is it happening? how dangerous for the world

Due to prolonged warming of the earth's surface, temperatures are increasing around the world. Even before the industrial era of modern human history, the Earth's average temperature has increased by 1.1 percent due to human activities. In this regard, major changes are being seen at the North and South Pole due to the difference in the ratio of total radiation including the temperature of the earth's surface and air. 

This geographical phenomenon is called polar expansion. These are most visible at northern latitudes and are called Arctic Amplifications. The main factors responsible for this are ice-albedo, lapse rate, evaporation and ocean temperature. 

What is ice albedo and lapse rate? causing polar expansion

Ice, and especially sea ice, has the highest ability to reflect light. In simple words, it reflects the sun's radiation much more than water and land. In the case of the Arctic, sea ice is decreasing rapidly due to increase in global temperatures. When sea ice melts, the Arctic Ocean absorbs more radiation from the sun. 

This is causing changes in detail. The lapse rate, i.e. the rate at which the temperature falls at altitude, is continuously decreasing with increase in temperature. Studies and research show that ice albedo and lapse rate are causing 40 percent and 15 percent polar expansion respectively. 

What will be the consequences of increasing global warming and rapid ice melting in the Arctic?

Changes in Arctic extent occur on a cyclical basis. The ice sheet on Greenland is melting rapidly. In this episode, a significant decrease was seen in the extent of sea ice compared to 2000. It was also observed that the old thick sheets of sea ice were replaced by new thin sheets of ice. 

Due to abnormal summer temperatures in Greenland, 6 billion tons of ice sheets melted every day. That means, in just three days, 18 billion tons of ice melted due to extreme temperatures. This amount of ice melting was enough to submerge West Virginia in one foot of water.

After the South Pole i.e. Antarctica, Greenland's ice sheets have the most ice. In this respect, it plays an important role in maintaining the sea level. 

This was the only reason behind the sea level rising by 1.5 meters in the year 2019. If the Greenland ice sheets melt completely, sea levels could rise seven meters. This means that major coastal cities and countries will fall prey to this and lose their existence. 

Inviting many problems like biodiversity, starvation, increase in temperature

Warming of the Arctic Ocean and other seas in the region, acidification of water, changes in salinity levels are having a direct impact on biodiversity. This also includes the species found in the sea and the species dependent on them. Rising temperatures are also causing more rainfall, which is affecting the availability and accessibility of moss for deer. 

Similarly, changes in the expansion of the Arctic have led to starvation for the animals found here. The permafrost in the Arctic (land where the soil has been below freezing point for at least two consecutive years) is changing, leading to increased emissions of carbon and methane into the atmosphere. . Especially these two gases are considered mainly responsible for the increase in global temperature. 

Climate change coming in Arctic has direct impact on monsoon in India

Efforts to know the impact of climate change in the Arctic on monsoon in India have increased recently. When we see extreme hot, rainy or cold weather in the country, we try to find out the reason. These also affect water and food security. According to a study published by Indian and Norwegian meteorologists in the year 2021, due to lack of ice in the Barents-Kara Sea region, heavy rainfall was seen in the latter half of the monsoon i.e. 

September-October. Due to decreasing snow and rising temperature of the Arabian Sea, humidity increased and some areas had to face heavy rains. According to a report by the Global Meteorological Institute, sea level off Indian coasts is rising faster than the average global level. 

A major reason for this is the rapid melting of sea ice in the polar regions, especially the Arctic. In such a situation, it is a matter of concern not only for India but also for the remote tropical areas of the South. 

The tundra which was once covered with snow is now slowly getting covered with trees and plants.

Recently, during a study by a team of 40 scientists from 36 institutions around the world, signs of greenery in place of ice sheets were seen in the Arctic. This study was done by scientists with the help of latest technologies like drones and satellite systems. In this, a team of international scientists is trying to better understand the changes coming in the Arctic and how this vast area called Tundra, which was once covered with snow, is now gradually getting covered with trees and plants. 

Its report published in the international journal Nature Climate Change states that the ice in the Arctic is melting prematurely and leaves are appearing on plants early in the spring season. Also, tundra vegetation is spreading into new areas. The plants that were already growing are now growing taller. 

Also, these data are helping in understanding more about the changing climate in Asia, Europe and North America. Because under the Paris Climate Agreement, a target was set to limit the rise in global temperature to 1.5 degrees.